Purchasing a tractor is a considerable investment. With rising costs affecting all industries across the UK, many farmers and landowners are turning to used tractor dealers to fulfil their needs. But while buying a used tractor can save you money, it comes with its own risks, so carrying out a thorough inspection can help you to make an informed decision.
So if you’re looking for old tractors for sale, read this article first to know exactly what to look out for…
Where to start when buying a used tractor
As we mentioned above, buying a used tractor is a significant investment, so it is important to start with a clear understanding of your needs and circumstances. This will help you identify the right machine and avoid overspending on unnecessary features.
Before anything else, think about how and where you plan to use the tractor. Will it primarily be employed for agricultural tasks, or do you need it for landscaping, hauling, or general maintenance?
The intended workload determines the required horsepower, with smaller tractors (25-50hp) suitable for light tasks and larger models (70hp and above) better for demanding agricultural work.
The choice between two-wheel drive (2WD) and four-wheel drive (4WD) is equally important. If you will be operating on level, dry ground, a 2WD tractor might suffice, and it is often more affordable. However, if your land is hilly, muddy, or prone to wet conditions, the improved traction of a 4WD model is invaluable.
Do not forget about attachments and implements. From loaders and backhoes to mowers and sprayers, different tasks require specific tools, and not all tractors are compatible with every attachment. Verify that the model you are considering can handle the implements you need, both in terms of capacity and PTO (Power Take-Off) compatibility.
Remember to consider your budget. While used tractors are typically considerably cheaper than new ones, hidden costs can quickly add up. Maintenance, repairs, replacement parts, and insurance should be factored into your calculations.
With these points in mind, you should be well-equipped to start perusing the used tractor market. But before you jump into a purchase, let us cover the things you need to check.
Document and history checks
When purchasing a used tractor, conducting thorough document and history checks is non-negotiable. This step will give you a crucial insight into the tractor’s past, so you can be sure that there are no unpleasant surprises once you have completed the transaction.
These are the things you need to check:
Service logs and documentation
One of the first things to request from the seller is the tractor’s service history. A well-maintained machine should come with detailed records, including inspection notes, service logs, receipts for replacement parts, and work orders.
Make sure to check that the engine and serial numbers match those listed in the documentation, as this will confirm the tractor’s identity and avoid the risk of dealing with altered or mismatched parts.
To add an extra layer of assurance, consider contacting the servicing dealer listed in the logs. They might be able to provide additional context about the tractor’s maintenance, parts fitted, and any recurring issues.
Ownership and usage history
Understanding a tractor’s previous life can provide valuable context about its current condition. A tractor that’s been owned by a single operator often shows fewer signs of wear compared to one that has been shared between multiple users or hired out as part of a fleet.
Ask the seller about how the tractor was used. Was it primarily for heavy agricultural work, light landscaping, or something in between? Tractors that have been used for fertiliser spreading, for example, may be more prone to corrosion and require extra scrutiny.
Financial checks
One of the most crucial steps is to confirm there is no outstanding finance on the tractor. A machine with unpaid finance technically belongs to the finance company, not the seller, which could lead to legal complications down the line.
In the UK, performing an HPI check online can provide peace of mind, as it will reveal if there’s any outstanding finance, whether the tractor is listed as stolen, or if it has been written off in the past.
By thoroughly examining the documentation and history of the tractor, you reduce the risk of unexpected issues and make a more informed purchasing decision. After all, trust starts with transparency.
Exterior inspection
Inspecting a tractor’s exterior will offer valuable clues about its condition and care. While aesthetics may not be the most critical factor, a thorough inspection of the outside can help identify underlying issues that might require costly repairs later.
Overall appearance
Start with a general assessment of the tractor’s appearance. Look closely for peeling paint, rust patches, or dents, as these can indicate prolonged exposure to harsh weather or insufficient care and maintenance.
As we mentioned previously, tractors used for specific tasks, such as fertiliser spreading, are particularly prone to corrosion due to the chemicals involved. Examine the quality of any repair work, taking note of mismatched paint, uneven welding, or poorly fixed panels that could suggest a rushed or substandard job.
Tyres
Tyres are among the most expensive components to replace, so their condition should be a big factor in your purchase decision.
Begin by checking for excessive or uneven wear, which might indicate issues with the tractor’s suspension or alignment. Carefully inspect for visible damage, such as plugs, cracks, or cuts, and check that the tyres’ treads and sidewalls are in good condition.
Check that all tyres match in make, model, and size, as mismatched tyres can cause uneven performance. Measuring the tread depth and comparing it to the manufacturer’s specifications will give you a clear indication of remaining usability.
Hydraulic and air hoses
The hydraulic and air hoses deserve special attention during your inspection. Look for cracks, leaks, or signs of wear, as these can compromise the tractor’s functionality. Air tanks should also be free of dents or corrosion, which could affect their performance under pressure.
Linkage and rams
Finally, check the linkage and lift rams. The link arms should move freely without stiffness, and any visible hydraulic rams should be free of leaks or wear marks. The towing eye should be robust and free from rust or deformation, as these components handle significant strain during operation.
With those checks out of the way, it is time to move onto the engine.
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Engine and mechanical checks
The engine is the beating heart of any tractor, so it is extremely important to scrutinise its condition before making a purchase. Similarly, the mechanical systems require close attention to ensure the tractor performs reliably under heavy workloads. We have listed the areas you should check below.
Fluid levels
Begin by checking all fluid levels, as they can provide insight into how well the tractor has been maintained.
Inspect the engine oil level and quality. These should sit between the “Full” and “Add” markers on the dipstick and have a clean, golden colour. Dark, sludgy oil suggests it has not been changed regularly, which could lead to engine wear or damage.
Hydraulic fluid should also be topped up to the maximum mark and free from contamination.
Radiator coolant is another critical check. It should appear clean and free from rust or scum, with no signs of leaks around the radiator or hoses.
Do not overlook the power steering fluid either, which should be at an appropriate level and free from discolouration.
Water pump and belts
Inspect the water pump by carefully wiggling the fan blades. There should be minimal movement, as any excess play could indicate wear, which may lead to overheating issues.
The belts should be tight and free from cracks, fraying, or glazing. Damaged belts not only compromise performance but can also cause further issues if they snap unexpectedly.
Exhaust smoke
Start the engine and closely observe the exhaust smoke. Clear or light grey smoke is perfectly normal, but any unusual colours could indicate underlying problems.
White smoke, for instance, might signal a damaged head gasket or water in the fuel, while blue smoke points to oil burning within the engine. Black smoke is often a sign of fuel or air intake issues.
Filters
Check the quality of the air filter. A clogged or excessively dirty filter can restrict airflow, which in turn reduces performance. Similarly, inspect the fuel filter for signs of debris or contamination, as poor filtration can lead to engine problems over time.
Hydraulic system
The next major area to check is the tractor’s hydraulic system, as this powers everything from the lifting of attachments to steering and braking. These are the areas to check:
Fluid levels
We touched on this briefly above, but we recommend that you begin by checking the hydraulic fluid levels to see if they meet the manufacturer’s recommended range. Low fluid levels can indicate leaks, which might be costly to repair.
Take note of the fluid’s condition. It should be clean and free of debris or discolouration. Milky or contaminated fluid could suggest water ingress or inadequate maintenance, both of which can lead to serious system issues.
Leaks
Thoroughly examine the hydraulic system for signs of leaks. Focus on key areas such as hoses, fittings, seals, and hydraulic cylinders. Even small leaks can compromise performance and may signal wear that could worsen over time. Pay particular attention to older tractors, as seals and connections often deteriorate with age.
Pressure
A pressure test is an excellent way to assess the hydraulic system’s performance. If possible, ask the seller to demonstrate the tractor using a heavy implement, such as a loader or plough.
Observe how smoothly and efficiently the system operates. Listen carefully for unusual noises like chattering or whining, which could indicate issues with the hydraulic pump or insufficient pressure.
Ram and cylinder movement
The rams and cylinders assist with controlling attachments and implements, so you should check that all rams extend and retract smoothly, without visible signs of jerking, hesitation, or leaks. Damaged or slow-moving cylinders can impact the tractor’s overall efficiency and may require expensive repairs.
Performance
Lastly, assess the condition of the hydraulic pump. A worn or damaged pump can result in reduced pressure and sluggish operation. While testing the tractor, keep an ear out for whining or grinding noises that may indicate pump wear.
Interior
Though it may be an overlooked area for inspection, the interior of a tractor is important for both comfort and functionality. These are the key areas to check when inspecting a used tractor.
Cab condition
Start by thoroughly inspecting the cab. Any cracks in the glass or damage to the cab frame can not only compromise safety but also allow rain, dust, and wind to enter, creating an uncomfortable working environment.
Check that the doors and windows seal properly when closed; ill-fitting seals can lead to draughts, and water ingress, which are particularly problematic given the unpredictable British weather.
Do not underestimate the importance of a comfortable working space, especially if you know you will be spending long hours operating the machine.
Controls and electrics
Next, move on to the controls and electrical systems. Test all controls for wear and functionality, from the levers and pedals to the steering wheel and dashboard switches.
Check all electrical components, including lights, the air-conditioning system, heating, radio, and electric mirrors. Be sure that the dashboard display is functioning correctly, as this provides vital information about the tractor’s performance.
Steering
The steering system deserves special attention. A loose or jittery steering wheel could indicate low hydraulic fluid, worn components, or pump issues, all of which require further investigation.
Electrical system
The battery and electrical system affects everything from starting the engine to operating lights, sensors, and modern features. A comprehensive inspection of these components can save you from unexpected downtime and costly repairs after purchase. These are the areas to check.
Battery
Start by inspecting the battery for any obvious signs of wear or damage. Look for corrosion around the terminals, as this can impede performance and potentially indicate neglect. Tight, secure connections are essential for proper electrical flow, so make sure that the terminals are clean and firmly attached.
Check the fluid levels in each cell if the battery allows access. Low fluid levels can compromise performance and may suggest that the battery is nearing the end of its life.
For a more precise evaluation, use a voltage meter to test the battery’s charge. A healthy tractor battery should read around 12.6 volts when fully charged. If the reading falls below 9 volts under load (e.g., when starting the tractor), it’s likely time to replace the battery.
In colder regions of the UK, where frosty mornings can strain a battery’s capacity, checking its health is especially important for reliable year-round operation.
Electrical connections
Inspect wiring and electrical connections for signs of wear, damage, or corrosion. Brittle or frayed wires may lead to intermittent faults or complete failure, particularly under damp and variable conditions.
Starter and alternator
The starter motor and alternator are two key components of the electrical system. Test the starter by turning the ignition and listening for smooth, strong engagement. A sluggish or unresponsive starter could point to battery issues or a failing motor.
The alternator’s job is to keep the battery charged during operation. Check that it’s working correctly by starting the engine and using a multimeter to measure the voltage across the battery terminals.
A reading between 13.8 and 14.5 volts indicates the alternator is functioning as it should. If the voltage remains below this range, the alternator may require servicing or replacement.
Additional electronics
Many modern tractors feature a range of electronic systems, from dashboard controls to advanced GPS and automated settings. Test all electronics thoroughly, including headlights, indicators, hazard lights, and any internal features like air-conditioning, radios, and charging ports.
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Operational checks
Operational checks will show how the tractor performs across its full range of functions. By physically testing key systems, you can identify potential mechanical issues before committing to a purchase. Before you buy a used tractor, you should perform the following checks.
Brakes
Begin by testing the brakes, both individually and together. Each brake should hold the tractor securely without slipping, even on an incline. Pay close attention to any unusual noises, such as grinding or squealing, which could indicate worn brake pads or discs.
Clutch
Engage the clutch and release it slowly, noting whether it grips firmly without slipping. If you detect any delay, juddering, or resistance, it may indicate wear or misalignment. A slipping clutch is particularly problematic, as it can lead to reduced power transfer and increased fuel consumption.
Transmission
Shift through all gears to assess the transmission. Gears should engage smoothly without grinding or resistance. Pay close attention to both the lower and higher gears, as issues often become more apparent at the extremes of the range.
While testing, listen for any unusual noises, such as whining or clunking, which could signal internal damage or wear.
Differential lock and four-wheel drive
If the tractor is equipped with a differential lock, test its operation. Engage and disengage the diff-lock to ensure it works correctly without delay or excessive force.
Similarly, for four-wheel drive models, engage and disengage the 4WD system. Smooth transitions between modes are a good sign, while stiffness or delays may indicate mechanical or hydraulic problems.
PTO shaft
The Power Take-Off (PTO) shaft is a critical component for operating implements like mowers, balers, and sprayers. Test the PTO by engaging it and observing its rotation. It should turn smoothly and without any unusual noises, such as grinding or rattling.
If possible, test the PTO under load to ensure it performs reliably when powering heavy equipment.
Test drive
A test drive is one of the best ways for assessing the tractor’s steering and handling. Drive in a straight line and take turns to check that the steering is responsive and smooth.
Be alert for signs of looseness, excessive play in the steering wheel, or jittering, as these may indicate worn components or low hydraulic fluid.
Pay attention to the tractor’s handling on different surfaces to see how it maintains stability and grip. Gear slippage or excessive chattering during operation could highlight transmission or drivetrain issues that require further investigation.
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Final considerations
Before committing to a used tractor, take a step back and consider the practicalities. A methodical approach at this stage can prevent future regrets.
Immediate spending
Even if a tractor appears to be in good condition, factor in any immediate servicing, repairs, or replacements that might be required.
Worn tyres, cracked hydraulic hoses, or overdue oil changes are common issues that may need attention straight after purchase. Make a list of these costs to include in your overall budget.
Consider whether the tractor requires any add-ons or missing attachments. Implements such as loaders or mowers, while essential for certain tasks, can significantly increase your upfront costs if they’re not included in the sale.
Knowing these expenses in advance allows you to budget more accurately.
Maintenance and support
Last of all, think ahead about the long-term costs and practicality of maintaining the tractor. Is there a local mechanic or dealership that specialises in the make and model you’re considering?
Access to parts and expertise is valuable for keeping your tractor in good working order. Many UK farmers and landowners prefer to work with trusted suppliers like Hughie Willett Machinery, who offer expert advice, support, and servicing for a wide range of equipment.
Find used tractors and equipment at Hughie Willett Machinery
Buying a used tractor is a decision that requires time, research, and careful evaluation, but with a trusted company like Hughie Willet Machinery, we can help make that decision easier. We have a range of used tractors and equipment, including compact tractors, mini tractors, smallholder tractors, agricultural tractors, and more from the leading brands on the market.
Not only that, but our friendly and experienced team is available to provide you with all the advice and guidance you may need to make an informed decision.
Have more questions? Contact us online, or call 0121 308 1262 to speak to a member of our team who will be happy to answer any queries.
Find used tractors for sale at Hughie Willett Machinery
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